What is Reflexivity ?

Socio-Technical Systems (STS) is a term that originated from the work of Eric Trist, Ken Bamforth, and Fred Emery during the World War II era, based on their experiences with

A closed system, contrary to an open system, is one that does not exchange information, energy, or material with its environment. However, in reality, completely closed systems rarely exist, and

Metaphors are powerful tools that help to form our thinking and effectively convey complex ideas. They provide unique perspectives and influence our actions, allowing us to create new realities and

The butterfly effect is a metaphor for the unpredictability of complex systems. It suggests that small changes in initial conditions can lead to drastically different outcomes. Edward Lorenz, in his

Multimethodology refers to the practice of combining different systems methodologies, models, and methods within a single intervention to address complex real-world situations. It emerged as a response to the growing

The concept of the ideal type is rooted in the work of sociologist Max Weber and serves as a fundamental theoretical tool in systems thinking for understanding complex realities, classifying