What is Holons ?

Reductionism is an approach that seeks to understand complex systems by breaking them down into simpler components or elements and analyzing them in isolation.

Uncertainty is a state of unpredictability or lack of certainty about future events, outcomes, or situations due to incomplete, ambiguous, or misunderstood information. This condition makes accurate prediction or decision-making

The theory of dissipative structures suggests that although the Universe as a whole is moving towards disorder, there are still open systems within it that maintain their order for a

A mental model is an individual’s thought process or cognitive representation of how something in the world works. It’s essentially our internal ‘map’ of reality, created through personal experiences, perceptions,

Modelling is a process that involves creating an abstract and simplified representation of a system. By examining the system’s components and their relationships, we can gain valuable insights and uncover

A function refers to the distinct purpose, role, or action that a component or subsystem carries out within a larger system. It is how a part contributes to the overall