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What is Black Box ?

A black box is a system where only the inputs (what goes in) and outputs (what comes out) are observed, focusing on its behaviour without examining how it works inside. It simplifies complex systems by emphasizing what they do, not how they do it.

Additional Glossary Terms

Isomorphism

The term ‘isomorphism’ conveys the notion of ‘sameness’. It aims to emphasize that there exist formal resemblances and correspondence among various kinds of systems.

FMA Model

The FMA model is a fundamental conceptual framework used to represent any piece of research or inquiry. It provides a basic structure for understanding how an investigation proceeds by linking

Pathologies

Pathologies refer to undesirable or dysfunctional behaviours or patterns within a system. See Also: Archetypes , Patterns

Gestalt

The term ‘Gestalt’, originating from Germany, refers to the concept of ‘shape’ or ‘form’. It is central to a branch of psychology that highlights how the mind tends to perceive

Variety

In cybernetics, variety is the main way to measure the complexity of a system. It refers to the number of possible states a system can have and is essential for

CATWOE

CATWOE is a mnemonic device used in Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to ensure that a Root Definition (a concise description of a human activity system) is rigorously formulated, well-structured, and