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What is Black Box ?

A black box is a system where only the inputs (what goes in) and outputs (what comes out) are observed, focusing on its behaviour without examining how it works inside. It simplifies complex systems by emphasizing what they do, not how they do it.

Additional Glossary Terms

Positivisim

Positivism values scientific knowledge and empirical evidence. It operates under the assumption that the best way to understand and explain the world is through observation, measurement, and experimentation. Positivism seeks

Viable System Model (VSM)

Viable System Model (VSM) outlines essential organizational characteristics required for a system to adapt to unexpected environmental changes. VSM is applicable to organizations of all sizes, explaining how systems can

Unintended Consequences

Unintended consequences are outcomes that occur unexpectedly or without prior intention due to interactions and behaviors within a complex system. They are not part of the system’s original goals or

Paradigm

A paradigm refers to a set of fundamental theories, principles, and techniques that are commonly accepted and followed within a specific field or context. It provides an established framework or

General Systems Theory (GST)

General Systems Theory (GST), introduced by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1937, is a framework for understanding complex systems as organized wholes. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of components within

Knowledge Management

Knowledge Management is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge within an organization. It involves strategies and practices for identifying, creating, representing, and redistributing information. The goal is