What is Holons ?

Positivism values scientific knowledge and empirical evidence. It operates under the assumption that the best way to understand and explain the world is through observation, measurement, and experimentation. Positivism seeks

Methodology refers to the logical principles that govern the use of methods in order that the philosophy/theory embraced by the approach is properly respected and appropriately put into practice. It

Unorganized complexity involves problems with numerous parts acting unpredictably, making individual behaviour difficult to predict. For example, traffic flow dynamics, influenced by various factors like driver decisions and road conditions,

Viability or Viable System is a system (such as an organization, team, or individual) that is capable of independent existence. It is defined by its capacity to exist and thrive

A boundary separates a system from its environment. The borders of the system, determined by the observer(s), which define where control action can be taken: a particular area of responsibility

Wicked Problem is a term coined by Rittel and Webber in 1973 to describe complex issues that are challenging both to define and solve. These problems are typically multifaceted, ambiguous,