What is Metaphors ?

A quasi-experiment is a research design that resembles a traditional experiment but lacks one key aspect: random assignment. In a quasi-experiment, the researcher doesn’t control group assignment due to practical

Unorganized complexity involves problems with numerous parts acting unpredictably, making individual behaviour difficult to predict. For example, traffic flow dynamics, influenced by various factors like driver decisions and road conditions,

In systems thinking, the term “environment” refers to the external context or surroundings in which a system exists and interacts. It comprises all the elements that surround and may impact

The butterfly effect is a metaphor for the unpredictability of complex systems. It suggests that small changes in initial conditions can lead to drastically different outcomes. Edward Lorenz, in his

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of knowledge. It focuses on understanding the processes through which we acquire knowledge and evaluating the factors that influence the

Uncertainty is a state of unpredictability or lack of certainty about future events, outcomes, or situations due to incomplete, ambiguous, or misunderstood information. This condition makes accurate prediction or decision-making