What is Homeostasis ?

Cognitive mapping is a specific visualization technique used primarily to capture and represent the mental structures and beliefs of an individual regarding a problematic situation. It serves as a tool

A closed system, contrary to an open system, is one that does not exchange information, energy, or material with its environment. However, in reality, completely closed systems rarely exist, and

A black box is a system where only the inputs (what goes in) and outputs (what comes out) are observed, focusing on its behaviour without examining how it works inside.

A “Complex Adaptive System” is a collection of diverse, interconnected entities that adapt and interact with each other, leading to emergent behaviours and patterns. These systems are characterized by their

Radical constructivism emphasizes the active role of individuals or groups in constructing their own understanding of the world. It argues that knowledge is not an objective reality but is created

Interpretivism focuses on subjective experiences and interpreting the meaning from non-measurable aspects of the social world, such as meaning, social action, perspectives, social norms, and discourse. It recognizes that people’s