What is Variety ?

Organized complexity involves challenges with multiple interrelated factors forming an organic whole. For example, developing a brand involves crafting a brand identity, establishing positioning, creating loyalty programs, and developing communication

Holism is an approach that emphasizes viewing systems as whole entities rather than merely a collection of separate parts. This perspective sees the parts in relation to the entire system,

A quasi-experiment is a research design that resembles a traditional experiment but lacks one key aspect: random assignment. In a quasi-experiment, the researcher doesn’t control group assignment due to practical

General Systems Theory (GST), introduced by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1937, is a framework for understanding complex systems as organized wholes. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of components within

Evolution refers to the continuous and dynamic process of change and development within a system over time. This process encompasses the adaptation and transformation of a system in response to

Dynamics and Loops refer to the shift from linear cause-and-effect relationships to circular, interconnected ones. This concept emphasizes the importance of feedback loops—where elements within a system influence each other