What is Reductionism ?

A “Complex Adaptive System” is a collection of diverse, interconnected entities that adapt and interact with each other, leading to emergent behaviours and patterns. These systems are characterized by their

Multimethodology refers to the practice of combining different systems methodologies, models, and methods within a single intervention to address complex real-world situations. It emerged as a response to the growing

Knowledge Management is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge within an organization. It involves strategies and practices for identifying, creating, representing, and redistributing information. The goal is

POSIWID is an acronym for “The Purpose Of a System Is What It Does.” It was coined by Stafford Beer, a prominent British management cybernetics. The concept of POSIWID suggests

Positivism values scientific knowledge and empirical evidence. It operates under the assumption that the best way to understand and explain the world is through observation, measurement, and experimentation. Positivism seeks

Reflexivity is the conscious practice of self-examination, where one actively questions their own attitudes, thought processes, values, assumptions, prejudices, and habitual actions