What is Isomorphism ?

Nested systems are a hierarchical configuration of systems, characterized by smaller systems (subsystem) being embedded within larger ones. In this arrangement, each smaller system forms part of a larger one,

Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), developed by Werner Ulrich, is a philosophical framework for reflective and emancipatory practice. Its core is boundary critique, using 12 boundary questions to systematically surface the

Method or technique refers to the concrete steps or tools used to implement the methodology. Method is associated with the specific systems approach and concerned with achieving more specific procedural

Pathologies refer to undesirable or dysfunctional behaviours or patterns within a system. See Also: Archetypes , Patterns

Soft Systems Methodology is a powerful approach for tackling messy, real-world problems by focusing on understanding different perspectives, facilitating learning and shared meaning among stakeholders, and iteratively developing purposeful actions

Unorganized complexity involves problems with numerous parts acting unpredictably, making individual behaviour difficult to predict. For example, traffic flow dynamics, influenced by various factors like driver decisions and road conditions,